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This is an article that is concerned with intervention approaches for the younger population that have problems with alcohol abuse. It describes the gravity of the situation by reporting the huge number of adolescents who have a problem with alcohol and substance abuse. Thus, it reports that â€Å"[i]n 2002, an estimated 10. 7 million American youths, 28. 8% of total youths 12–20 years old, were current drinkers. † The article determined current drinkers by using the criterion that the person â€Å"consumed at least one drink in the past 30 days† (Society for the Study of Addiction, 2004). The gravity of the problem is underscored by the huge part of the statistics to belong to binge and heavy drinkers. The â€Å"US National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2002† estimated that 7. 2 million adolescents are binge drinkers, while 2. 3 million adolescents are heavy drinkers. Heavy drinkers are those who consumed more than four drinks in five different days in the past 30 days. The staggering figures lead to the conclusion that there is serious public health problem among the youth with respect to their alcohol consumption. This problem extends to serious behavioral disorders resulting from alcohol consumption, such as alcoholism. The problem is even more serious because disorders that are related to alcohol abuse are likely to become â€Å"chronic and to persist into adulthood† (Society for the Study of Addiction, 2004). The problem with adolescent alcohol abuse has led to the development of various treatments, both in the private and public healthcare systems. These treatments often range from adolescent to adult care. However, treatment cares often result in relapse in 50-70 percent of affected adolescents. Therefore, there is a need for systematic approaches that are tailored to meet the specific needs and limitations of the target population, which is the youth (Society for the Study of Addiction, 2004). Treatments require appropriate diagnostic criteria in assessing alcohol use patterns of adolescents. Moreover, there is a need to develop a framework within which â€Å"alcohol-related pathology† could be accounted for in the adolescent stage of a person's life (Society for the Study of Addiction, 2004). The article likewise cites Liddle (2004), who reviewed therapies involving the family of the adolescent who has problems in alcohol and drug abuse. There are suggestions to develop â€Å"adolescent focused, family-based therapies for substance abuse† (Society for the Study of Addiction, 2004). Family-based therapies are believed to be effective for the helpful recovery of alcohol-dependent adolescent. Family-based therapies often analyze â€Å"videotaped in-therapy sessions. Such records help in the identification of problems and issues, and serve as bases for change and treatment (Society for the Study of Addiction, 2004). This article is useful because it points out how important it is to first determine the extent of the problem before attempting to solve it. In the case of alcoholic adolescents, there is a need to first know the needs and limitations of each person and proceed from there. Intervention strategies, such as family-based therapies, should factor in such details in order to be effective. Videotaped therapy sessions are also helpful because they allow all stakeholders, such as the alcohol-dependent person, his family, and the therapist, to have a clear perspective of the situation, through observation from a different angle. Finally, family members could be effective in helping adolescent alcohol dependents by providing moral support.

Public participation Essay

The end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the new millennium have seen the rapid growth of two undeniably related phenomena. They are the rise of international democracy and the explosion in the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). â€Å"E-democracy† is the concept widely used and even sometimes misused. Crick (2002:93) defines democracy as the, â€Å"polity or political rule [that] strives to balance individual freedom, individual rights, and the common good. † In this paper I’m going to examine the impact of ICTs on the concept of democracy as presented by Crick. Conditions of modern democracy are the role of individuals, official doctrines, typical social structure, nature of the elite, typical institutions of government, type of economy, theories of property, attitudes to law, diffusion of information, and attitudes to politics. No doubt that ICTs have potential to expand democratic participation. Still the question whether ICTs facilitate and enhance democracy is surrounded by much controversy. Areas such as e-voting and e-consultation attract great attention of political scientists from over the globe. ICTs provide an excellent opportunity for governments to become more transparent, efficient and accountable. ICTs mean that people are provided greater services and opportunities online, and as a result become more informed, articulate and active in public affairs. Thus, ICTs have a significant potential to widen civic engagement. Much hype surrounds the newly created term â€Å"global civil society†. Norris (2001:6) poses an inevitable and burning question, â€Å"Will the Internet have the capacity to revitalize public participation in conventional politics, such as levels of party membership, electoral turnout, or activism in civic and voluntary organizations? † ICTs may create the possibility of reaching out to publicize political parties, solicit feedback, new ideas, and new members, energize party activists and build leadership cadres. Thus, ICTs may help to promote political pluralism and activism. Individualism becomes a core value in the ICT-driven society, and the role of an individual is the condition of modern democracy. Also we should keep in mind that e-commerce empowers previously economically disadvantaged strata, and type of economy is one of the conditions of modern democracy. Norris (2001:97) stresses the following fact, â€Å"The Internet may broaden involvement in public life by eroding some of the barriers to political participation and civic engagement, especially for many groups currently marginalized from mainstream politics. † So ICTs provide a perfect opportunity to increase youth participation, enhance women on the political arena, and include marginalized and disadvantaged groups. As Crick (2002:98) argues, â€Å"Participation is critical, for moral education and for the implementation of democratic government. † Still, Leslie David Simon (2002:36) argues that, â€Å"Participation fortifies democracies, but it is also a favourite tool of many totalitarian states. † But Norris (2001:101) states that, â€Å"the new opportunities for civic engagement and political participation on the Internet will serve primarily to benefit those elites with the resources and motivation to take advantage of [them]. † The nature of the elite is the essential condition of modern democracy, and today we can speak of â€Å"information elite† as well as of â€Å"information society. † Transparency of the government, both federal and local, is another possible consequence of democracy. Crick (2002:103) states that, â€Å"Democracies work better (can only work) in an atmosphere of trust. † Norris (2001:107) states that, â€Å"new technologies allow greater transparency in the policy-making process, wider public participation in decision making, and new opportunities for interaction and mobilization in election campaigns, but, critics argue, whether these potentialities are realized. † Attention to the protection of human rights through the use of new communication technologies is an area of growing interest. On the other hand, the implementation of more â€Å"technological democracy† will exacerbate the existing digital divide present within and between developed and developing countries. The explosive growth of the Internet is exacerbating existing inequalities between the information rich and poor. Also, as Norris argues, a so-called democratic divide is developing between the citizens who do and do not use ICT’s to engage, mobilize and participate in public life. Instead of promoting democracy, ICTs could be manipulated by political parties as tools of propaganda. With no Internet censorship it is becoming a widespread political phenomenon. Crick (2002:21) defines anarchy as â€Å"a central danger of democracy†, and cyber-pessimist perceive Internet as a totally anarchical environment. Leslie David Simon (2002:Front Matter) reminds the reader that, â€Å"Today we know that there is another side to the story. Those who hate democratic values and human rights have also learned to use the Internet. In the United States and abroad, neo-Nazis and other hate groups maintain Web-sites†¦ † Also e-democracy should be seen as enhancing, not replacing traditional forms of government-citizen interaction. Norris (2001:104) reminds us that ICTs should be used, â€Å"to promote and strengthen the core representative institutions connecting citizens and the state. In this regard, opportunities for public participation and civic engagement generated via new technology are important. † Analysing all the abovementioned, I came to the conclusion that the views expressed by cyber-optimist are more realistic. Personally I believe that ICTs are able and will promote democracy and strengthen the rule of law, and attitude to law is one of the important conditions of modern democracy. ICT’s bring more opportunity and freedom, and these two factors will gradually cause wider adoption and improvement of democratic governance. Certainly, I admit the existence of numerous dangers related to the spread of ICTs, but I believe that the growing political consciousness will prevent further misuse of this powerful tool. Open and transparent government as well as availability and circulation of information can guarantee democracy and participation, and diffusion of information is one of the crucial conditions of modern democracy. Making a final conclusion I would life to state once more that the rational use of the whole potential of ICTs can facilitate democracies worldwide. Sources: 1. Leslie David Simon, Javier Corrales, Donald R. Wolfensberger, Democracy and the Internet: Allies or Adversaries?, Woodrow Wilson Centre Press, 2002 2. Pippa Norris, Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide, Cambridge University Press, 2001 3. Bernard Crick, Democracy: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2002

Literal/ Golden/ Mischief Rules Essay

The literal rule is the primary rule which takes precedence over the others. Words and phrases should be construed by the courts in their ordinary sense, and the ordinary rules of grammar and punctuation should be applied. If, applying this rule, a clear meaning appears, then this must be applied, and the courts will not inquire whether what the statute says represents the intention of the legislature: ‘The intention of Parliament is not to be judged by what is in its mind, but by the expression of that mind in the statute itself’. The literal rule is strongly criticised by many lawyers. It has been said to be ‘†¦.a rule against using intelligence in understanding language. Anyone who in ordinary life interpreted words literally, being indifferent to what the speaker or writer meant, would be regarded as a pedant, a mischief-maker or an idiot’. Such criticism, it is submitted, is misguided. For example, the Hotel Proprietors Act 1956 provides that in certain circumstances an hotel proprietor is liable for loss of or damage to guests’ property, but that this liability does not usually extend to guests’ motor vehicles or property left ‘therein’. The question arises – is the hotel proprietor liable for property left on, rather than in, a vehicle, for example, on a roof rack. On a literal interpretation, the hotel proprietor is liable, because if Parliament had intended to exclude property left on a vehicle, the Act would have said ‘therein or thereon’. The ‘common-sense’ school would say that it is ridiculous to make a distinction between property left in or on a vehicle. That may be so in the admittedly trivial example given, but if this line of argument is accepted, it means that the courts would have power to rewrite Acts of Parliament, which many people would consider to be highly dangerous, particularly where it takes the form of assuming that Parliament ‘intended’ something, when in truth it is more than likely that Parliament never gave that matter a moments’ thought. It is better that the courts interpret statutes strictly, and if this leads to unsatisfactory or inequitable results, then Parliament should pass amending legislation to indicate clearly what its intention was. The full force of the literal rule was demonstrated in the case of Whitely v, Chappell (1869). The defendant had voted in the name of a person who had died, but was found not guilty of the offence of personating ‘any person entitled to vote’: a dead person is not entitled to vote. Golden Rule Where the meaning of words in a statute, if strictly applied, would lead to an absurdity, the golden rule is that the courts are entitled to assume that Parliament did not intend such absurdity, and they will construe the Act to give it the meaning which Parliament intended. So, for example, the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 provided that ‘whosoever being married shall marry another person during the life of the former husband or wife’ is guilty of bigamy. Re Sigsworth 1935 provided that the Defendant was not entitled to inherit because it would be manifestly repugnant to allow a murderer to reap the benefit of his crime even if the Defendant is the only inheritor. Interpreted literally, this definition is absurd on two counts. First, the phrase ‘shall marry another person’ is meaningless in the context, as the essence of bigamy is that a married person cannot marry again while his first marriage subsists. Secondly, the reference to a ‘former’ husband or wife is quite inappropriate. The word ‘former’ suggests that the original marriage no longer exists, but if that were the case the person marrying again would not be guilty of bigamy. Despite the slipshod draftsmanship of the Act, however, the intention was clear, and the courts have interpreted the relevant section as meaning that a person who purports to marry another while his or wife or husband is still alive is guilty of bigamy. Mischief Rule When it is not clear whether an act falls within what is prohibited by a particular piece of legislation, the judges can apply the mischief rule. This means that the courts can take into account the reasons why the legislation was passed; what ‘mischief’ the legislation was designed to cure, and whether the act in question fell within the ‘mischief’. For example, the Street Offences Act 1959 made it an offence for a prostitute to solicit men ‘in a street or public place’. In Smith v. Hughes the question was whether a woman who had tapped on a balcony and hissed at men passing by was guilty of an offence under the Act. Parker, L.C.J., found her guilty: ‘I approach the matter by considering what is the mischief aimed at by this Act. Everybody (sic) knows that this was an Act intended to clean up the streets, to enable people to walk along the streets without being molested or solicited by common prostitutes. Viewed in that way, it can matter little  whether the prostitute is soliciting while in the street or standing in a doorway or on a balcony’. In the case mentioned, it was comparatively easy to apply the mischief rule as the circumstances which caused the passing of the Act were well known. The rule does, however, have limitations as it is by no means always easy to discover the ‘mischief’ at which particular Act was aimed. The rules of interpretation discussed above do not apply to the interpretation of EEC legislation. The European Communities Act 1972 provides that questions of interpretation of EEC law must be decided in accordance with the principles laid down by any relevant decision of the European Court. Therefore, although EEC legislation has the force of law in England and thus becomes part of English law, the courts cannot interpret it by the methods which they apply to the main body of English law. In interpreting statutes, the courts make certain presumptions: (a) that the statute is not intended to have retrospective effect; (b) that it applies only to the United Kingdom; (c) that it is not intended to interfere with existing vested rights; (d) that the property of any person will not be confiscated without compensation; (e) that there is no intention to interfere with existing contractual rights; (f) that there is no intention to interfere with personal liberty; (g) that any person to whom judicial or quasi-judicial power is given will exercise such power in accordance with the rules of natural justice; (h) that the statute is not intended to derogate from the requirements of international law. Any of these presumptions may be overruled by the precise words of the statute. Private Acts (but not public Acts) always have a preamble which sets out the objects of the legislation. Preambles can on occasion be of considerable assistance to the courts in interpreting the Acts.

Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Letter - Essay Example The topic being discussed should resonate with the reader in such a way as to provoke a reaction, a response or an action. I will be the first to admit that I struggle when writing, such as putting the words into the introduction. It is what they call as a â€Å"writer’s block† in which I have ideas but cannot put them down into writing. This is the same case with my conclusion portion of a paper, how to summarize everything that is to be consistent with the material that went before reaching the last part of any paper. In this regard, I have learned how to use persuasion as one of the writing styles with which to convince a reader of my viewpoint. To do that successfully, I need to use all the three factors of argumentation which are pathos (emotions), logos (knowledge) and ethos (credibility). To do so successfully, I believe I need to improve my English skills so I can put my thoughts into the exact words to what I mean. Because of my limited English skills, I understand I can have a harder time than my classmates when trying to make a point in my paper. However, I believe this problem can be solved if I try hard enough. I also realized a bit late that my tone can sometimes be too neutral when I should have been taking a stand on a certain issue or a topic being discussed. It seems I am afraid to commit my opinion to one side and I think this makes my paper a bit tame and therefore also less convincing. In my attempts to express my ideas, I tend to put so many things together in one sentence which can cloud the whole argument I am making or dilutes the essence of my ideas. The reader can get confused which I understand is not the intention of any writing and so some arguments are not discussed so very thoroughly in a way that convinces people to my side. I am probably good in incorporating some notable quotations in my papers but doing so is not effective at times because I end up not showing my tone

ArticleAbstract Assignments 05 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ArticleAbstract Assignments 05 - Essay Example His research question is: How does football regulation by NACC constitute a cartel and hinder intercollegiate competition? The study used both empirical and theoretical methods. The author used data collected from published articles and books. He also used raw data from NACC Football Guide and other sport regulatory bodies. The article makes reference to several books and scholarly articles containing analyzed data. Researcher also made use of raw data collected from the field; especially score sheets on football progress from colleges. Literature on Cartel Enforcement and Competitive Balance are majorly theoretical. Empirical data were obtained from interviews and observations. For example, the author acknowledges valuable comments from seminar participants and referees from CU-Denver and WEA meetings. The article concludes in favor of the research hypothesis. Indeed NACC constitutes an economic cartel that bars fair competition in football. The researcher successfully uses data collected over a period of half a century to put across this point (Woodrow, 369). By elaborately analyzing the structure and functioning of NACC, the author effectively gives a hint to where concerned authorities should streamline to reinstate fairness in college football. However, the report gives too much weight on mathematical implications of its findings without lucid explanations. This implies that the report may not be of help to many who need to refer from it. Only those with technical knowhow on its exaggerated mathematical analysis make sense of the

Types of Business Model for MyGiftShopper.com Essay

Types of Business Model for MyGiftShopper.com - Essay Example   Two of the business models that were accepted by the team are Freemium Business Model and Multi-Side Matching Business Model. The reasons for accepting the Freemium business model is that it would allow the company to attract as many subscribers as possible as at the beginning of the business, it would be difficult for the firm to draw too many paid subscribers. The other business model accepted is the Multi-Side Matching Business Model and the main reason that has been presented for the acceptance of the business model is that different groups of customers would be able to satisfy their needs with different merchants and the company would be able to make money through both means i.e. from customers as well as from merchants. The team not only presented logical reasoning behind acceptance of the two models, but reasonable facts and reasons were also presented regarding why the team had rejected the other two business models. The main reason for rejecting the two models is more or less the same i.e. increase the cost of the firm which would make it difficult for the firm to either attract more customers if the charges are increased or it would be difficult for the firm to make sufficient amount of profits. In the other section of market opportunity analysis, the team did the much better job as they were able to analyze how the market influences MyGiftShopper.com from a different perspective. The influence of the customers was discussed and opportunities were analyzed about the target market of the firm in a statistical way with several facts. However, in the segmentation section of the business plan, the team should have covered the types, ages, demographics, and other characteristics of the target market and how they plan to segment their customers.  

Wgs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wgs - Essay Example AWDF also mobilizes human, material and financial resources in order to foster gender parity in Africa, and to promote the rights of African women. AWDF believes that helping women organizations acquire enough skills, adequate livelihoods, information and the chance to actualize transformatory decisions gives rise to all-inclusive, dynamic and healthy communities (See: http://www.awdf.org/our-work/about). The problems that AWDF seeks to address are oppression of women’s rights, minimal political participation, conflicts, HIV/AIDS prevalence, economic disempowerment of women, and the absence of health and reproductive rights of women. AWDF sees these problems as social challenges as stark manifestation of the position of powerlessness into which patriarchal African societies relegated the womenfolk. In this light, AWDF describes these issues as thematic areas (goals). The failure to democratize has exacerbated women’s problems. Undemocratic governments lack stable mechanisms for the peaceful transfer of power from one regime to another. Political violence readily erupts after elections in Africa, with women suffering the heaviest casualty. Likewise, these governments, because of the absence of checks and balances, suffer a lot of excesses from the executive wing; with corruption, ineptitude and inequitable distribution of resources being prevalent. Women suffer the most in these governments due to the absence of affirmative action (See: http://www.fawe.org/). AWDF identifies itself explicitly as feminist. Nominally, the second initial of the acronym AWDF standing for ‘women’. Secondly, the aim of the organization underscores the restriction of its services to women, since AWDF asserts that its chief intent is funding African women’s organizations. Thirdly, AWDF staff comprises women only. Some of its leaders are Professor Bene Madunagu (Nigeria), Prudence Mabele (South Africa), Dr. Rose Mensah Kutin

Direct TV Strategic Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct TV Strategic Plan - Essay Example Customers connected to the internet can access the companys library, restart, and rewind shows and also engage interactive TV programs that provide real time information (DirecTV, 2013). The company’s advanced entertainment will involve an expanded capabilities. The company will provide streaming services outside the home with over 50 on-demand channels (DirecTV, 2013). Customers receive an improved user interface that unifies search across multiple screens. This interface is achievable through smart search capabilities across all platforms including mobile devices, tablets and set-top boxes (DirecTV, 2013). A global viewing history will ensure that subscribers can switch from one device to another and continue a previously paused program. The company’s strategy to transform subscriber experience will involve improving workforce and service quality engagement. Generating and testing of new ideas lead to improvements in products and procedures (DirecTV, 2013). A simplified customer interaction and increased subscriber self-service capability will increase productivity by reducing customer contact rates. Customers will also receive bundled broadband, video, and telephone services to improve customer convenience and cut costs (DirecTV, 2013). Providing a responsible pricing and enhanced productivity improves the customer experience and also the company’s profitability increases. The use of market growth and market share in developing strategies is crucial to our expansion. Suttle (2015) states that a company’s method of development is contingent upon its competition and financial situation. DirecTV currently has a little market share and especially in the private businesses. A firm’s market share is useful in determining the company’s strategy such as developing integrated bundling services and improving customer services like billing and packaging (DirecTV, 2013). A

Week 4 Discussion 2 (Chapter 6) Inventories Assignment

Week 4 Discussion 2 (Chapter 6) Inventories - Assignment Example It can be achieved by using radio frequency, bar coding and electronic product codes on item usually employed in the manufacturing of fast food like breads, meat, cheese, oil etc. All such items may be purchased from good suppliers who offer them in notified quantities with coded information (Warren, Reeve & Duchac, 2011). Being different natured businesses, the vending truck and the physician’s office involve only a few numbers of individuals while a shoe-retailer might involve a great number of workers and as the number of workers increase more control efforts are required to escape the loss of inventory by theft and damage. Hence the guidelines might be strict and comprehensive for the shoe- retailer but they may be less rigid for the physician’s office and the food vending truck. An internal control system is required in all sorts of businesses to ensure appropriate management of inventory can be done (Axsà ¤ter, 2006). In order to implement a proper inventory control mechanism, the following suggestions must be implemented. First of all a written procedure and policy guidelines for inventory management at department level is needed. Then in order to fully implement the framed policy, all the staff should be given proper training. Duties should be separated sufficiently among indivi duals having the responsibility for the physical inventory like placing an order, receiving, selling/ distributing and those having the responsibility for accounting the inventory records like sanctioning payments, appointing departments/customers, preserving the perpetual merchandise inventory balance within the Financial System and then reconciling it. However each can install an inventory system that keeps the record of all sorts of activities related to inventory including acquiring, sales, adjustments and returns and it should be secured in a way that any item of inventory may neither be removed

William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night - Essay Example The role of Viola is a servant that perfectly demonstrates the willing service she will offer in her role being a wife. From Viola's position as wife of Orsino presumes an erotic demand that includes Viola's unselfish love and the contentment of gender-blurring making it noticeable the erotic possibility within the unequal power relationship inherent in condition of service itself. Whereas lots of critics have outlined fictitious plots of women concealed as boys to serve their male beloveds, the absolute range and power of these erotic relationships implies that Twelfth Night depicts an existing matter of social relations in the early contemporary family. The Malvolio plot is an intricate apparatus for the managing of affairs between upper servants and their employers. The Twelfth Night may have been making the most out of the scandal of an underground social practice. This is for because of the apparent signification of passionate meanings through certain kinds and colors of clothing and the circulation of indistinct verse with equally indistinct handwriting. Inside Olivia's household is the characterization of conspiracies and sexual liaisons. The Twelfth Night play tolerates a lot of lavishly erotic interactions that remains noticeably insensitive to Malvolio's desire. Malvolio is much more ridiculous for wanting to marry Olivia than is Olivia for wanting to marry Caesario. Moreover, Twelfth Night draws a line that connects acceptably arousing erotics of service and a social taboo. Malvolio's desire for power created a threat on both social and symbolic register. The character that Malvolio plays performs an ambitious individualism that will eventually be successful in clearing out an ideology of service at the heart of other employer-servant relationships in the early modern culture in his humorless desire for power over others along with his self-interest that lurk behind an submissive faade. Erotics of service have traversed the boundaries of social standards at a certain degree. Cultural anxieties do not essentially show a direct relationship with the degree of threat involved. Albeit a considerable number of women are essentially engaged in sexual acts with their male servants, the opportunity for erotic intrigues in households became part of a cultural fantasy. With their differences in position, Olivia and Malvolio's sexual connection is considered impossible within the society. From the confusing transition from feudal to capitalist economies, from the related decline in the status of servants, and from the fluidity of their status within individual households, all of these shaped the erotics of service in the early modern household. Furthermore, the Twelfth Night portrays a potent strategy of gaining dominance in a household and a depiction of the early modern culture's deepest fears as the ideology of service, so important to a neo-feudal hierarchy based on rank and class, showed signs of tension. As a servant, Malvolio pulled off a particular degree of glory and good affluence through his great effort of serving as a steward of great noble household accounting to his trustworthiness especially to his mistress. Despite the fact that his deeds designates a severe punishment, Malvolio's effort was really improper

Brutality on women by the Japanese police Essay

Brutality on women by the Japanese police - Essay Example Brutality against women can be of many forms. It may entail enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer, torture, rape or even the non-spoken form of cruelty. The torture of not being able to freely state your thoughts or raise a voice to receive what you are entitled to. While looking at the Japanese economy, an act of disgrace which still murk golden pages of history would be the issue of the Japanese Imperial Government kidnapping and enforcing young girls under their occupation during the World War II into sex slaves. However, the Japanese Government still defends its acts and denies that the heinous act ever occurred. Walking down the lines of time, we can witness the estimates made by researchers about the number of â€Å"comfort girls† exploited during the past. The figure is expected to be around eighty to two hundred thousand; women were abused and brutalized in the â€Å"comfort centers†. The comfort women were administered, processed, dispatched and controlled by the Japan military. These women were to accompany the military to conquered places or colonial province and comfort them during the times of World War 2. These women were forced to please the military personals unless they were in hospital, there were no fixed leaves for the women, it purely depended on the needs of the men. They endured abuse and violence and were forced to accept military currency for their â€Å"services†. The torment of being forced everyday drained these women emotionally and psychologically. Post the war these women were allowed to leave without any sense of guilt or apologies from the gov ernment of Japan. These women could not openly speak about their ordeals due to the pressures from the society and were pushed to suffer the trauma silently.

Cardiovascular Disease Information Essay Example for Free

Cardiovascular Disease Information Essay Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in over half of the people in this country. It affects all aspects of the heart function, from the arteries that supply the blood to the valves to the heart muscle itself. Heart and blood vessel disease- cardiovascular disease – includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque build up I the walls of the arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood lot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke. Some of the symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease are chest pains, sudden numbness of arms or face, strokes or congestive heart failure. Cardiovascular disease can be managed by following a lean strict diet, keeping your cholesterol down, not smoking, maintaining your blood pressure and exercising regularly. It is said that if you exercise for about 30 minutes a day every day, that will keep you healthy and your heart pumping. Congestive Heart Failure refers to a poorly pumping heart that causes a fluid back up in the heart, lungs and other organs. The symptoms are shortness of breath, swelling in the body and debilitating fatigue. It is said that congestive heart failure is the most common cardiac condition among the elderly. Heart failure can start from an unnoticeable condition, which can progress to a debilitating disease. The way to check to see if you have a heart problem is by having an Echocardiogram which monitors your heart and makes sure everything is functioning properly. This disease can also be controlled by maintaining a healthy diet, not smoking, controlling your weight, and following a good exercise regimen. Maintaining your weight is also an important factor.

Conventions in the UK constituion

Conventions in the UK constituion Introduction Conventions are distinctive to the UK Constitution as they include the practices, customs and behaviour of how the government and state institutions operate. They are considered non-legal rules which are unenforceable. However, there is uncertainty surrounding their definition and position in relation to laws and whether their obligatory nature makes them more than mere habits. Although the UK is a functional democracy, it is one without a written Constitution. Therefore, my aim throughout this essay is firstly to discuss the role of conventions, and how they used to regulate government bodies, for which I will provide a comprehensive account as to their existence and the way in which they are exercised. Secondly, it would be necessary to explore the adverse effect there usage may have on democracy, since there is no formalised procedure which sets out the governments intention on how it should operate, one could argue that its practice could be potentially harmful to society. Thirdl y, it would be essential to establish whether conventions should be codified into a written single document which would provide consistency and certainty into how the government makes its decisions. In order to develop an understanding of the role of conventions it would be sensible to firstly explore their precise definition. Dicey explains they consist of customs, practices, maxims, or precepts which are not enforced or recognised by courts[1]. However, it could be argued that this definition is misleading as Barber mentions courts can recognise anything they wish to recognise[2]. Moreover, as conventions are deemed non-legal rules, does not necessarily mean they are not recognised by the courts which, presents some inconsistency into Diceys theory. The case regarding the patriation of the Canadian constitution in the early 1980s illustrates the fact that courts will sometimes apply conventions even though they are not legally required to do so. It was established in Reference re Amendment of the Constitution of Canada [1982] 105 DLR [3d] 1[3] that under Canadian law any amendments to the Constitution of Canada, an Act was required from the UK Parliament[4]. However, it was by convention that the Canadian Supreme Court should give prior notice to the provinces of any amendments in order to obtain their consent. However, as this convention was recognised it was subsequently ignored and it was claimed that the Canada Act 1982[5] was invalid as the Canadian provinces did not give prior consent. Although, there was no rule of law which required provincial consent to constitutional amendments, the question here was did a convention actually exist? In Jennings three stage theory he suggested that first, what are the precedents; secondly, did the actors in the precedents believe that they were bound by a rule; and thirdly, is there a reason for the rule?[6] In order to analyse this into more detail it would be necessary to put this theory into practice by illustrating the reasons for the courts decision. It was found that five precedents where constitutional amendments had changed provincial legislative powers had directly affected federal-provincial relationsh ips[7]. The majority stated that the accumulation of these precedents, positive and negative, concurrent and without exception does not of itself suffice in establishing the existence of the convention[8], which could suggest that although conventions carry no legal weight the relevant actors were not obliged to be bound by them. In which case Jaconelli argues by focusing on the beliefs held by the relevant actors, appears to suggest an extremely flimsily basis for the existence of constitutional conventions[9]. Moreover, as the Canadian government was forced to delay plans in order to seek consent from the provinces, the agreement from the majority allowed the formation of Canadas 1983 constitution to occur. However, as Jennings three stage tests was applied in this case, the fact that the actors did not consider them binding, does not necessarily excuse the significance of conventions which in this instance supported the courts in their judicial interpretation of a convention from a mere habit. Summary Another case where the courts were unwilling to apply conventions was in Attorney-General v Jonathan Cape Ltd [1976] QB 752[10]. It was held that the publication of the Crossman diaries which included Cabinet proceedings was not in the public interest. The Attorney-General sought to prevent publication on the grounds of a breach of convention. Lord Widgery C.J in his judgement stated that there is no obligation enforceable at law to prevent the publication of cabinet papers and proceedings, except in extreme cases where national security is involved[11]. However, the Attorney-General argued that as part of the convention of collective responsibility the affairs of the Cabinet were confidential and should not be disclosed contrary to public interest. However, the defence for the publishers argued that collective responsibility is a doctrine which has grown up and has never been dignified as a convention[12], which could suggest that as conventions are considered old established practi ces which are not formalised into a set of rules, there is still uncertainty into their use. However, while a convention is deemed non-legal does not necessarily mean they do not have any legal effect, which would correspond with Jenkins statement that a convention can have legal effect despite not being a legal rule[13], which indicates that the political implications of conventions are therefore of undeniable significance. The main purpose of conventions is to prevent the constitution from becoming old-fashioned by bringing consistency and flexibility, which can be modified to suit a continuously evolving constitution. According to Jennings, conventions provide the flesh which clothes the dry bones of the law[14]. Although this may be an over enthusiastic description, it illustrates the wide recognition and appreciation of the purposes served by conventions. Lord Wintons modern view of a convention is to be the main political principles which regulate relations between the different parts of our constitution and the exercise of power but which do not have legal force[15]. However, there are conventions which hold a greater significance than statutory and common-law rules. One of the strongest conventions is that the Monarch gives Royal Assent to Bills duly passed on the advice of her ministers. Since 1708 the refusal to assent to the Scottish Militia Bill 1708[16] by Queen Anne was the last time this v eto was used. However, for the Monarch to refuse her assent to a Bill of which she disapproved, no court would deem the Bill to be an authentic Act of Parliament[17], which would potentially be harmful to society, as this would have prevented an important piece of legislation from being enacted. However, as (Munro 1999) mentions there have been no instances in modern times of legislation being presented for assent against the wishes of the government[18], however there has been on occasion that an assent to bills has either been withheld or delayed. For example on the advice of Unionist the King was undecided as to whether to grant Royal Assent to the Home Rule Act 1914[19] which would allow for the devolution of Ireland to become independent. Although, this Bill was rejected in the House of Lords, the Parliament Act 1911[20] was used to override their decision and it was on the advice of the Prime Minister that the King gave Royal Assent. However, due to the First World War, this A ct never came into being and it was not until the Government of Ireland Act 1920[21] that enabled the patriation of Ireland, which established an Irish Free State. Moreover, the expansion of the convention requiring royal assent helps show that conventions can occasionally carry legal as well as political weight. There has been on occasion where the courts have been unable to accept conventions as a means of redress. The issue arising in Manuel v Attorney General [1983] Ch.77[22] involved the possible crystallisation of a convention into law. It was suggested that the convention of the UK Parliament should not legislate for Canada except with its permission, might have evolved into a law through long term recognition. Slade LJ stated that this case raises issues which are no doubt of great political importance to all peoples of Canada[23]. However, it was concluded that conventions do not possess the power to evolve from political practices to actual laws. This does not necessarily mean that conventions serve no legal purpose and indeed there are some rare occasions where the legal power of conventions is as great as the legal power of laws. However, the breach of a conventional rule can result in a change in law which demonstrates that conventions do exert a certain degree of power in legal fields as well as in areas of a purely political nature. The convention that the House of Lords should not obstruct the policy of an elected government when a majority in the House of Commons exists was thought to have been breached in 1909[24], with a refusal from the House of Lords to accept budget proposals formulated by the Liberal government. The House of Lords was subsequently denied the power to prevent enactment of a measure accepted as a money bill, which was a result of the Parliament Act 1911[25]. However, had this Act not been passed would have resulted in a variety of a political problems which could in fact produce an unstable government which the general public relies on, which fits nicely with Lord Wilsons argument that for the breach of a convention is liable to bring political trouble in one form or another[26]. The refore the fact that Parliament was able to step in and prevent any further episodes of a breach reoccurring not only exemplifies their existence but the behaviour in which conventions are exercised demonstrates the need for them to be followed and obeyed. Although it is rare for courts to apply conventions, they often use conventions as a tool for interpretation. As Jenkins mentions courts were perfectly capable of recognising and applying conventions to provide aid for and background to constitutional or statutory construction[27]. In a privy council appeal case regarding the accession of Canada to independence, the convention of equity status referred in the preamble of the Statute of Westminster Act 1931[28], which was the main grounds for interpreting an otherwise ambiguous section of the Canadian constitution in such a way as to empower Federal Parliament to reject appeals to the privy council from all Canadian courts in civil cases. Similarly when courts have objected to review the grounds on which executive discretionary powers have been exercised, they have relied upon the convention that a minister is responsible to Parliament for the exercise of power. Although it is not necessary for courts to enforce conventions, it is cle ar that these non-legal rules impose a significant weight of obligation. Moreover, as Dr H. V. Evatt argues the practice of enacting conventions gives authoritative decisions about their meaning and application[29], which would suggest that people would be more inclined to obey legal rules rather than non-legal rules. Furthermore, what distinguishes these non legal rules from mere habits is Lord Wilsons statement that conventions which are broken, legal problems would eventually arise. On occasion conventions have been formalised into a written document to provide consistency and certainty. Individual responsibility stipulates that a minister is accountable to Parliament for their own acts and the acts of civil servants in their department, which suggests that ministers are accountable for the misconduct of their subordinates even though he/she had no knowledge of the activity. This would support (Marshall and Moodie 1967) argument that ministers are responsible morally for culpable actions in the same way as everybody else[30]. However, as there is no definitive meaning between the terms accountability and responsibility. This poses some inconsistency into the use of conventions. Therefore, it has been recognised that the principles of ministerial responsibility should be incorporated into the Ministerial Code 2007[31] in order to provide precision and consistency in it us. Conclusion While there may be some uncertainty as to the definition of conventions, collective ministerial responsibility requires that all ministers are united in supporting any policy proposals or legislative measures in the House of Commons. (Marshall and Moodie 1967) defines this as certain rules of constitutional behaviour which are considered binding and upon those who operate the constitution[32]. However, where the government is unable to gain the support of Parliament a formal vote of no confidence is necessary to require the resignation of a UK Parliament. Although Marshall and Moodies statement is wholly acceptable, it illustrates the importance and binding influence of conventions which are highly regarded by the political bodies. However, a convention which exists is that ministers must not knowingly mislead Parliament in serious cases they are required to offer their resignation. In a newspaper article Clare Short ex-International Department Secretary claimed that Tony Blair had m isled Parliament surrounding the legality of the 2003 invasion on Iraq[33]. According to (Tomkins 2003) lying to Parliament is not a legal wrong, but it is a constitutional wrong[34]. Although her resignation was required, there is no statutory rule which exists to regulate the behaviour of a Prime Minister when a general election is known. However, it is a convention that the Prime Minister should resign when he has lost the election, which immediately presents some inconsistency into how the government makes its decision. Although the office of the Prime Minister is created by convention it could be argued that the scope of conventions is uncertain as it is the Queen who can appoint or dismiss ministers at her own pleasure. On conclusion while the definition of conventions has been unclear, conventions have been able to function alongside statute law and legislation to provide a stable government, which demonstrates their consistency and flexibility. Moreover, as there is an obligation to be bound by them there is evidence to suggest their existence, which as illustrated has affected judicial reasoning, by enacting law as well as providing written rules. However, a convention which was applied many years ago may not be applicable today and the idea of unwritten rules would provide instability in the one body that people depend on. Moreover the idea of democracy is one where the public have a say in deciding who goes into government but also how they should be governed. Therefore a convention that is unable to evolve would not provide a clear understanding as to the government intentions. While it may be beneficial to have conventions codified to provide clarity and consistency, it would need to be clear which conventions should be written as to avoid conflict with statutory and common-law rules. However, despite the many criticisms of the use of conventions in the UK Constitution a constitution without conventions would ultimately fail as they are sufficiently flexible rather than laws which are difficult to alter. Therefore, it would be important to codify a convention which has been readily in use, rather than codifying them all into one single document.

The Tragic Event Of The Holocaust History Essay

The Tragic Event Of The Holocaust History Essay The Holocaust remains the worlds greatest and most tragic event that targeted a specific group of the human race. The absolute inhumanity of the Holocaust still confounds people, even today. People were systematically killed, tortured, and murdered. It was one of the twentieth centurys most unfortunate events that had occurred by prevalent anti-Semitism and outright fear. The Germans blamed the Jews for Germanys defeat in World War I, some even claiming that German Jews had betrayed the nation during the war. The Jews had previously been subject to all kinds of earlier religious prejudices. From the 1870s onwards a new, racial anti-Semitism was added to this. Thus began the widespread demonization of the Jews. There were many conspiracy theories about the Jews being the reason for Communism. The Nazis were claiming that the Jews were enemies of Germany. But most German Jews were actually pro-German and had fought for Germany in World War I. Many Jews were hesitant to leave Germany even if they were able to. The fear of Communism was a powerful force which worried many people, in parts of Central Europe and Southern Europe. This was brutally exploited by politicians. Adolf Hitler, Nazi leader, attacked the well established roles the Jews in German society. Hitler referred to the Jews as a plague and a cancer. He accused Jewish population for the state Germany was left in at the end of World War I. It was then terms such as extermination and extinction began being used in relation to the Jews. Hitler claimed that the Jews had gained economic. He claimed that the Jews had achieved economic supremacy and the ability to manipulate and command the media to their own advantage. He talked about the need to destroy their powerful economic positions and if necessary by physical means. Hitler also wanted to purify Germany; he wanted to populate Germany with the Aryan race, this goal couldnt be reached unless all Jews were gone which also included Hispanics, Blacks, gypsies, Socialists, German Communists, Social Democrats, Jehovahs Witnesses, as well as homosexuals. The Germans concentrated the regional Jewish population and forced them to live under miserable conditions in city districts called Ghettos. The Ghettos isolated Jews. They were separated from Jewish communities and from the non-Jewish population. The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German, Poland and the Soviet Union alone. The Germans believed that the establishment of ghettos was a temporary measure to segregate and have power over the Jews. They reckoned that the Jews would only stay there while the Nazi leadership in Berlin debated options and ways to reach the goal of removing the Jewish population. On November 9, 1938, the Nazis unleashed programs against Germany Jews. Jews were attacked and Jewish property was vandalized and almost every synagogue in Germany was either damaged or destroyed. The treatment of Jews, was questioned when the Nazis invaded Poland, where about two million Jews resided. This was the first time; Jews were arrested in large amounts and transported to Nazi concentration camps. They were only released if they promised to move out of the area soon, or transferred their property and valuables goods to the Nazis. Approximately 20,000 concentration camps were established by the Nazis between the years of 1933 and 1945. The Jews in the concentration camps were led to believe that they would stay for a while, but these camps were primarily used as extermination camps for mass murder. The cHYPERLINK http://the-world-wars.helium.com/topic/7687-concentration-campsoncentration camps were used as forced labor camps, prisoners suffered from starvation, exhaustion, and exposure. Most prisoners died under cruel and painful labor conditions. Children were especially vulnerable in the Holocaust. The Nazis Germans killed as many as 1.5 million Jewish children. They killed Jewish children with disabilities living in institutions, the physically and mentally ill. Polish Jew children were also killed as well as children living in the Soviet Union. Jewish adolescents had a greater chance at survival because they could be sent to work at a labor camp. Forced labor camps were where prisoners underwent exhausting labor conditions, famine, starvation and exposure to very low or extremely high temperatures. Horrible medical experiments were conducted in forced-labor camps, primarily aimed to reinforce the German military personnel, but also to develop and test vaccines for the prevention and treatment of contagious diseases and to promote the racial and ideals of the Nazi theory. All experiments conducted in the concentration camps were done without the prisoners consent, and typically resulting in loss of life. The Nazi doctors performed outrageous and shocking surgical procedures. Prisoners were tested on while they were being held in concentration camps. Most of these experiments had to do with the improvement of the German military. Some experiments that were conducted for the Nazi high command are: Hypothermia experiment- Dr. Sigmund Rascher at Birkenau, Dachau and Auschwitz were going to attempt freezing some of the victims. To establish how long it would take to lower the body temperature to death and second how to best resuscitate the frozen victim. The person was put in an icy vat of water or to put outside naked in sub-zero temperatures. Sun lamp- victims were placed under sun lamps which would burn the skin. Genetic experiments- females were being impregnated by genetically modified specimen. Transplants- victims body parts were removed and attached to other parts or grown elsewhere.

Roman Pantomime :: essays research papers

In assessment of the origins and nature of pantomime in ancient Rome, one will clearly see that the latter two factors are wide and varied. This is due to the collaborative nature of the art as a whole. With a close examination of archaeological, textual and representational evidence one will gain a precise understanding of how the origins, nature and type of audience of the pantomime are interrelated. One will additionally gain inisight into the widespread popularity of pantomime despite a general dislike towards drama in ancient Rome. Before one can begin to consider the origins of Roman pantomime, one must have a clear understanding of the nature of pantomime. This is due to the fact that the nature of the art is in most cases, directly related to its origins. Once the nature of the art has been established, one will clearly see the connection between the latter and it’s origins. The term pantomime, which was, introduced by the Italian Greeks referrs to the actor. The mimer of everything. The pantomime was considered a solo performer who wore a mask, and expressed himself through dance, but did not sing. Rather, a musical group or chorus accompanied the pantomime. This type of performance is usually likened to a ballet enactment with a mythical theme. The pantomime usually tended to appeal to higher tastes with its mythical themes but as Grimal implies, could also be comic and erotic. In his discussion of pantomime, Lucian of Samosata (ca. 125 – 180) notes that the pantomime represents the orator and the composer of declamations. Lucian claims that the success of the pantomime depends upon his skillful adadptation of language to character. It is considered that the pantomime had incredible versitality to show forth human character and passion in all their varieties. These qualities of the pantomime were praised by Lesbonax of Mytilene who called pantomimes ‘manual philosophers.’ Futher evidence of the versatility of the pantomime in showing emotion and character can be seen in the words of Timocrates: I know not what truth there may be in Plato’s analysis of the soul into the three elements of spirit, appetite and reason: but each of the three is admirably illustrated by the pantomime; he shows us the angry man, he shows us the lover, and he shows us every passion under the control of reason†¦ The pantomime was not only skillful in portraying human character, but additionally in embracing many other skills into a single embodiment.

The Life of Ludwig Van Beethoven :: Biographies

The Life of Ludwig Van Beethoven The rise of Ludwig van Beethoven into the ranks of history's greatest composers was paralleled by and in some ways a consequence of his own personal tragedy and despair. Beginning in the late 1790's, the increasing buzzing and humming in his ears sent Beethoven into a panic, searching for a cure from doctor to doctor. By October 1802 he had written the Heiligenstadt Testament confessing the certainty of his growing deafness, his consequent despair, and suicidal considerations. Yet, despite the personal tragedy caused by the "infirmity in the one sense which ought to be more perfect in [him] than in others, a sense which [he] once possessed in the highest perfection, a perfection such as few in [his] profession enjoy," it also served as a motivating force in that it challenged him to try and conquer the fate that was handed him. He would not surrender to that "jealous demon, my wretched health" before proving to himself and the world the extent of his skill. Thus, faced with su!ch great impending loss, Beethoven, keeping faith in his art and ability, states in his Heiligenstadt Testament a promise of his greatness yet to be proven in the development of his heroic style. By about 1800, Beethoven was mastering the Viennese High-Classic style. Although the style had been first perfected by Mozart, Beethoven did extend it to some degree. He had unprecedently composed sonatas for the cello which in combination with the piano opened the era of the Classic-Romantic cello sonata. In addition, his sonatas for violin and piano became the cornerstone of the sonata duo repertory. His experimentation with additions to the standard forms likewise made it apparent that he had reached the limits of the high-Classic style. Having displayed the extended range of his piano writing he was also begining to forge a new voice for the violin. In 1800, Beethoven was additionally combining the sonata form with a full orchestra in his First Symphony, op. 2. In the arena of piano sonata, he had also gone beyond the three-movement design of Haydn and Mozart, applying sometimes the four-movement design reserved for symphonies and quartets through the addition of a minuet or scherzo. Having confidently proven the high-Classic phase of his sonata development with the "Grande Sonate," op. 22, Beethoven moved on to the fantasy sonata to allow himself freer expression. By 1802, he had evidently succeeded in mastering the high-Classic style within each of its major instrumental genres-the piano trio, string trio, string quartet and quintet, Classic piano concerto, duo sonata, piano sonata, and symphony. Having reached the end of the great

Does America Need a National ID Card System? :: Essays Papers

Does America Need a National ID Card System? Introduction The recent terrorist attacks made it very clear that we need to do something to help make our country safe and protect our residents from those who want to bring harm and ruin. Many want to invoke a national ID card system, thinking that the ID card will provide us the security that we are looking for. But, is that really the solution? We need to understand what is wrong with the current systems that are in place now. We will examine what is required to get this system up and running and what is involved in making the system secure and safe. Lastly, in conclusion, we need to be clear on what direction we need to take to bring about a secure nation. Problems with Current Systems In Place The most notorious incident displaying where our country is lacking in security was the terrorist attack of September 11. Robert O'Harrow Jr. and Jonathan Krim of the Washington Post wrote, "five of the 19 terrorists involved in the attacks on New York and at the Pentagon were able to obtain Social Security numbers, even with false identities. The other 14 probably made up or appropriated other numbers and used them for false identification, according to Social Security officials. At least seven of the hijackers also obtained Virginia state ID cards, which would serve as identification to board a plane, even though they lived in Maryland motels." 1.1 The concern citizens of our country have is illustrated in this comment by Kimberly Warhoe posted in a forum on "National ID Cards". "The system in place now is in terrible shape. We truly need something more secure, something that can protect innocent people. Yes, we may lose some of our privacy, but we may gain a more secure nation. " 1-2.1 This terrible act of terrorism made it very clear that we need a way to know if a person is who he says he is. We need a way to be able to "verify and identity those applying for licenses and authenticating documents used to obtain licenses," as stated by William Welsh in Washington Technology. 2.1 Another important factor to consider is that any technical system that is implemented will always have human interaction, these will be the people who interact with the data and the system.

Fundamentls of Entrepreneurship

Executive summary: Fundamental of entrepreneurship is an individual who takes initiative to bundle resource in innovative ways and is willing to bear the risk or uncertainty to act. The purpose of done this assignment to know and understand that entrepreneurship play role to started new business enterprise. Moreover, entrepreneur for started new enterprise that SPM JATI (cooking oil), need review performance of his business, identify strength and weaknesses, recommend a plan of action that will capitalize on the company’s strengths, and overcome its weaknesses and finally business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened.Without this cannot complete the task to started new business. Before I start my assignment, I had obtained some information from my lecture and I also get information about entrepreneurship from internet. Through internet I know that entrepreneur of review performance to started new enterprise that SPM JATI (cooking oil), strength and weaknes ses, recommend a plan of action and business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened.The process of doing assignment, I found out a lot of information about started new enterprise of entrepreneurship. As the same time, I also know the strength and weaknesses and existing performance could be maintained and strengthened. NO| Question and title| Page| 1. 0| Introduction | 3| 2. 02. 1 2. 1. 1 2. 1. 2 2. 1. 32. 2 2. 2. 1 2. 2. 2 2. 2. 32. 3 2. 3. 1 2. 3. 2 2. 3. 32. 4 2. 4. 1 2. 4. 2 2. 4. | Presentation and analysis: How would you review the performance of his business Introduction task 1Answer ConclusionHelp jerry indentify his company strength and weaknesses Introduction AnswerConclusionFollowing the analysis of the company strengths and weaknesses, recommend a plan of action that will capitalize on the company strengths, and overcome its weaknesses. Introduction Answer Conclusion Jerry has bought you a one-week return ticket to his holiday home in Penang. He wants you to helpHim investigate ways in which the business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened.Introduction Answer Conclusion | 4444-66777-88999-1010 11111112| 3. 0 | Conclusion | 13| 4. 0| References | 14-15| 1. 0 Overall Introduction Entrepreneurshipis an individual who rather than working as an employee runs a small business call entrepreneurship and assumes all the risk and reward of a given business venture, idea or good or service offered for sale. Entrepreneurship combined with land, natural resources and capital to produce profits that is call entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship must face all kind of problem and know need to solve the problem then only can achieve in business, if the entrepreneur run away from business it show he or she cannot face it the business and don’t know how to solve the problem. Task 1, is mention a bout review the performance of SPM JATI enterprise cooking oil. It’s easy to focus only on the day-to-day running of SPM JA TI enterprise. It’s simply include business efficiency, financial position, business goals and conduct a customers and market analysis.Task 2, is indentify about SPM JATI enterprise, strength could be seen in terms of SPM JATI staff extremely polite and helpful and your competitor’s staff has very few customer-friendly attributes, products SPM JATI provides cooking oil, customers loyalty is demand, and location located at. And weakness, an object’s look every aspect of SPM JATI enterprise whether its products and service could be improved. Task 3, is analysis the company strengths and weaknesses. And how to overcome the weaknesses of company.Task 4 is talking about help jerry to investigate ways in which business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened Task 1: 2. 2 How would you review the performance of his business? 2. 1. 1 Introduction task 1 In this task talking about review the performance of business of SPM JATI Company. This task explain s about operation management. Product planning, location planning, process planning, supply chain management and quality management. 2. 1. 2 Answer Review the performance of SPM JATI Enterprise cooking oil for financial position, it’s often fail because of poor financial management or a lack of planning.Often the business plan that was used to help raise finance is put on a shelf to gather dust. When it comes to SPM JATI Enterprise cooking oil business' success, therefore, developing and implementing sound financial and management systems. . Product planning Product planning and product control work hand in hand to ensure that consumers get the products they want, when they want. Product planning involves evaluating the product and placement, price, package and position. SPM JATI cooking oil using product planning. Price must standard and the package look nice and the customer attract to the package. Location planningLocation is also very important for service and manufacturi ng ventures, which have such costs as advertising, promotion and distribution that are a direct result on where they located. SPM JATI company location is very near customer and other shop also. Location has to be convenient for customers and their employees need adequate parking. That means locating near to key suppliers in areas for pick-up and deliveries. JATI company choosing the best location for business that us the first step to target the customers. Process planning A business plan is used when starting a new business or new product into market.SPM JATI cooking oil develops the products and maintains the products. SPM JATI cooking oil planning buys a new machine that is automotive packing machine to improve the business and supply in big scale. Supply chain management Supply chain management is the oversight materials information and finance as move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to consumer. The product flow includes the movement of goods from a su pplier to a customer as well as customer returns or service needs. SPM JATI cooking oil supply to wholesaler and the wholesaler supply to consumer this is supply hain management of SPM JATI cooking oil company. Quality management SPM JATI Company maintains the good name and reputation of the company. To gain a competitive advantage, many companies will implement a quality management system to ensure they produce the best products. 2. 1. 3 Conclusion The conclusion is when I do this question I got a lot of idea about the business and also I can understand very well about what is product planning, location planning, process planning, supply chain management and how much important to business. This steps all SPM JATI company follow and maintain the businessTask 2: 2. 2 Help Jerry identify his company’s strength and weaknesses. 2. 2. 1 Introduction task 2 In this task discuss about SPM JATI company strengths and weakness. SPM JATI company strengths and weakness. SPM JATI Company strengths is understand consumer needs and provide high level customer service. Weakness is not enough workers in the company and also the labor costs very high. 2. 2. 2 Answer: The impacts of internal strengths and weaknesses on the success of the ‘subject’ of analysis. The internal strengths and weaknesses of you, your staff, your products, and your business.The internal strength that make’s organization more competitive than its marketplace peers. And the internal weaknesses with organization that will keep it from achieving its objectives; it is what an organization does poorly. Strength This involves looking at the strength and weaknesses of SPM JATIenterprise cooking oil. Internal strength of business SPM JATI enterprise cooking oil, could be seen in terms of SPM JATI enterprise staff, products, customers loyalty, processes, or location. SPM JATI enterprise cooking oil,strengthterms staffextremely polite and helpful, very important to be totally honest and realistic.Next products, cooking oil, customer loyalty is when a supplier received the reward of his efforts in interacting with his customer. Customer loyalty tends the customer to voluntarily choose a particular product against another for his needs. Location for SPM JATI enterprise are very good because very near to customer and wholesaler also. So when very near to customer the supply cost become low and can save money also. The name of company very popular everyone knows about JATI cooking oil and the products quality. JATI Company understands the consumer needs.JATI Companyprovides high level customer service. Have a presence in retail markets. And also the customer like and go for JATI cooking oil. Weakness Company weaknesses are a lack of resources or capabilities. SPM JATI Company has higher labor costs. Competitor who can have similar productivity from lower labor costs. SPM JATI also not enough workers and the management are not very good. 2. 2. 3 Conclusion In this task discuss about the company strengths and weakness. Explain about the SPM JATI company strengths and weakness. Task 3: 2. Following the analysis of the company strengths and weaknesses, recommend a plan of action that will capitalize on the company strengths, and overcome its weaknesses. 2. 3. 1 Introduction In this task discuss about the strengths and weakness of Jerry Company SPM JATI enterprise. So need to find out some step to help Jerry Company to improve. And also discuss the overcome company weakness. 2. 3. 2 Answer Company strengths The first strengths for jerry JATI Company are good name in market everyone know about the company and the brand. JATI Company provides high level customer service.Customer also likes to buy JATI products because customer likes the packing and the good service also. JATI Company supply goods time to time. Overcome company weakness After I discuss about strength and weakness of Jerry Company that is SPM JATI enterprise. Jerry can be try to improve t he products and packing. Customer service is very important in business, Jerry Company must focus on customer service. First the weakness of SPM JATI Company is higher labor costs. After that SPM JATI company not enough workers in the company so cannot produce more products because very less worker.SPM JATI must take new worker for company and can produce more products. SPM JATI company have 3 lorry but that is not enough for supply goods because a lot of order from customer and wholesaler. So need to buy new lorry, for more supply goods for customer and the business also can develop if supply more goods for customer the company can make high profit. 2. 3. 3 Conclusion As a conclusion, I help to find the steps or ways to help Jerry Company to improve and do much better then now. Next is, found the ways to solve jerry company weakness Task 4 2. Jerry has bought you a one-week return ticket to his holiday home in Penang. He wants you to helpHim investigate ways in which the business e xisting performance could be maintained and strengthened. 2. 4. 1 Task 4 introduction In this task discuss about to help jerry investigate ways in which the business existing performance could maintained and strengthened. I help jerry how to improve the performance of SPM JATI Company. So for one-week I will take care jerry business and help him also to improve the business. 2. 4. 2 Answer The ways to improve the company performanceI have help jerry to promote his company name and product. I do which customers buy a lot of JATI product they all get some gifts from company. Next is, I give some donation under JATI company name then only people know about the company and what they are selling or produce. This also one good type of advertising. If company name popular in market then all customer know about the company and the business sales also increase. And I ask jerry to do some offer or discount. When customer purchase JATI product the price be half price for few month, to promote the product.Another idea is make t-shirt for customer, like which shop sell a lot of JATI products give them t-shirt. 2. 4. 3 Conclusion Conclusion is, this is the ways to improve the company performance and steps. When jerry follow the steps above sure jerry company will be improve and success on his overall business performance and also can increase the business sales or monthly turnover can increase. This steps all are very good to business improve and can increase the production of the company so jerry must follow the ways to improve. But now Jerry Companyimproves ready, so for no problem for Jerry Company.I think Jerry Company does better sales and better business management. Because jerry know ready what is steps and ways to improve the company performance. 3. 0 Conclusion As a conclusion when I finish this whole assignment I can understand what is business strength and weaknesses. And how to take care the business and also how to solve the problem. So when jerry follows all t he ways or steps of business, sure the business will successes and can make more profit. Every entrepreneur must know the business strength and weakness.And must know about how to solve business problem. 4. 0 References Businessweek. com (2013) Analyzing Your Company's Strengths and Weaknesses – BusinessWeek. [online] Available at: http://www. businessweek. com/smallbiz/tips/archives/2008/09/analyzing_your_companys_strengths_and_weaknesses. html [Accessed: 22 Mar 2013]. Dollinger , M. (2003) Fundamental of Entrepreneurship . 3rd ed. India : Doring Kindersley , p. 153-155. Hoit, D. (2001) entrepreneurship. 5th ed. New Delhi: Ashoke K. Ghosh, p. 67-68. Infoentrepreneurs. org (2009) Review your business

George W. Bush and Darth Vader Essay

More often than not when comp be twain computer addresss, whether one be veritable and the some other(a) fictional, we come up with some(prenominal) similarities and differences amongst them. Seldom muchover do these similarities and differences between a fictional pillowcase and a person from the real valet start so glaring that truly much(prenominal) comparison consequenti whollyy bequeath a substantial realization. One of such seldom case is the comparison of George W. supply and Darth Vader. This reputation go forth venture on comparing both(prenominal) characters and at the closedown reserve a realization of such comparison.The deuce mentioned personalities need no introduction hear these names will right off pee-pee us an image of them in our heads. George W. pubic hair is the current chairman of the United States. Darth Vader on the other muckle is the popular character in the Star Wars movies. On maiden instance it may suss egressm that a co mparison between these two personalities is absurd. This wallpaper save will show us that such comparison is not without realization. It is submitted that on r be occasions presumablely unavailing things such as comparison of shrub and Vader lavatory in point provide us with a realization cold better than whatever other belief we run done.To outline this paper will incite on first stressing the similarities of both characters, and so make a motion with its differences and flushtually state the realizations do through the consequence Their Similarities Leaders The virtually obvious similarity between Vader and supply is that they are both carry oners. Leaders in their own respect shrub lead a nation and Vader leads an army. More worth noting in this similarity is not simply the feature that both are jumper lead but the fact that both stool the similar elbow room of leading. Vader and scrubbing pattern an attitude of strength in attractionship that t hey do not think of casualties they provided have the abate in mind. standardised the war in Iraq started by George W. scrub he was fearless in performance with such war even if he knew what it would cost. His ratings of popularity went exhaust and the economy of his nation went down with it. Whenever one comes to war inevitably lives are put on the line. pubic hair was not hesitant in outing green military soldiers lives on the line in browse for him to arrive at his close and win his war on Iraq. The same ideology is shared by Darth Vader. Darth Vader continuously has a goal or a mission to accomplish. The ruthless subroutine of his army to strive his directives are intelligibly g canted within his personality.In this type of leading we find the similarity between George W. bush-league and Darth Vader. They both seem to share the ideology that making sacrifices in order to achieve a goal is necessary. They also have utter disregard for the cost and the consequences as long as they achieve this goal this is their way of leading. This is the kindly of leading we see in the Star Wars Movies by Darth Vader and the kind of leading we see in the States by George W. scouring. It is therefore submitted that because they have the same kind of ideology of leadership the issue of their leadership hypothetically are the same.The end of Darth Vader has already been seen this type of leadership resulted in failure. The present administration of shrub has not yet ended but the seeming similarity of leadership ideology with Darth Vader can provide us with a commonsensible conclusion that the administration of scrubbing will end in failure. The Saga Journal as proof of Vaders leadership provides George Lucas has succeeded in creating one of the greatest cautionary tales for the aim leader in his portrayal of Darth Vaders devastating reign of terror.Darth Vader embodies traits that make nearly contemporary leadership scholars cringe. (Cited in Michelle Drum, The Saga Journal) embraced as Villains Another similarity between these two personalities is that some(prenominal) of us perceive them as villains. Villains in their own decline majority of the people see both George W. Bush and Darth Vader as villains. Darth Vader very much manage George W. Bush were not always perceived as Villains. They were first considered as heroes. George W. Bush could not have been president if the people did not think of him as a hero.He won the alternative two measures. This is solo proof that forwards George W. Bush was perceived as a villain he was considered as a hero. The same is true for Darth Vader. Darth Vader was not immediately Darth Vader before his transition to such character. He was the young and promising Anakin Skywalker his views were moral and he had a good sense of justice. This however changed because of the circumstances as provided in the movie. This precisely means that sometimes the famous reiterate in the batman movi e index be true sometimes we see ourselves a hero long enough to become the villain.This is the similar circumstance of both Bush and Vader. In one of the articles of the National tidings it provided the perception of Bush macrocosm a villain as it express fit in to an Associated Press-AOL News poll, chair Bush is both the publication one villain and the number one hero of 2006. (cited in cardinal Sided Coin for Bush Villain and supporter By Cathy Gill) Powerful The final similarity this paper will provide from all the similarities of these two characters is their part. There is no doubt that both George W. Bush and Darth Vader are very much powerful in both sense of the word.George W. Bush being the death chair of the United States of America and Darth Vader being the leader of the imperial army. Vader being perceived as powerful in an article in USA Today as it said non merely is Vader powerful, hes sexy, says David Prowse, who appears as Vader in the first leash films and has made thousands of appearances as Vader in costume. (Cited in Breathing Life into Vader by mike Snider) Their Differences Their Rise to Power Though it is apt(p) that both George Bush and Darth Vader are powerful they however differ in the expressive style of their rise to power.Darth Vader used pure wolf force in order to be the leader of the imperial army. He had to lean to the dark side in order to achieve this goal. George Bush on the other hand pink wine into power through the authority of the American people. Bush rose into power because of his will and the will of the people. Darth Vader on the other hand had to search and attach this power by himself. This difference in their rise of power go throughs us an perceptivity on how they held this power. Darth Vader could hold his power until he wished to abandon it. Bush on the other hand is bound by the limits of mandate given to him.He can only have the power of being a chief executive according to the purpose of time given to him. This gives us an appreciation on why Bush tries his trump out to stay in power turn Vader needlessly and calmly enjoys his power. This is because Vaders power is not bound by any limits. Vader Quick on His Feet, Bush Not so Much Darth Vader even as a youngster known to be Anakin Skywalker has always been ready on his feet. His reflexes during his time were comparable to no one. Bush on the other hand has admitted that he might not be as dissipated on his feet than just about people.This is reflected on the way Darth Vader and prexy Bush makes decisions. Darth Vader is ruthless and quick on making decisions. President Bush has apparently a considerable essence of thinking time before he can make a decision. This spells a very different effect of their leadership. Darth Vader being quick on his feet can soft command his subordinates and they acquire him without question. The delay on the decision making however of President Bush spells a differen t humbug because of such his subordinates may not follow him right away and might even question his decisions.Bush Democracy, Vader Dictatorship The most principal(prenominal) difference between these two personalities however lie in the fact that Bush leads through a parliamentary organise while Vader in all(prenominal) sense of the word is a dictator. This brings us to the question which kind of structure is more effective is it the democratic structure or the dictatorship? Dictatorship brings obedience, order and an acknowledged authority. Democracy however gives freedom for all(prenominal) individual. It is submitted that both structures have their advantages and disadvantages.It is further submitted however that notion a democratic structure like the task of President Bush is much more difficult than ruling in a dictatorship like Darth Vader. In an article in the LA cartridge holders President Bush advocated this commonwealth as the article said President Bush made go od atomic number 90 on his inaugural vow to repulse for democracy around the existence. (Cited in Bush Democracy Vows May behave Time to Bear Fruit by Sonni Efron) close The similarities and the differences between the two personalities having been discussed we now proceed to the realizations this paper has to offer.George Bush and Darth Vader are two very different personalities. In fact one lives in the real world while one finds existence in a fictional movie. They are both leaders, they are both powerful and they are both perceived by many as leaders. On the other hand they differ on their rise to power, speediness in decisions and the structure where they lead. The most important thing we have to realize out of this comparison is the simple fact that Darth Vaders storey has already been told while George Bushs story is still unraveling.This only means that we can learn from what happened to Darth Vader and needs imbue it with the unraveling of the story of George Bush. This will give us a reasonable conclusion on how George Bushs story will end. The relevance of knowing how George Bushs story will end is that if we are aware of the end accordingly we can prepare for this end that we foresee. whole caboodle Cited Michelle Drum, The Saga Journal Two Sided Coin for Bush Villain and Hero By Cathy Gill, celestial latitude 29, 2006 Breathing Life into Vader by microphone Snider, April 22, 2005 Bush Democracy Vows May Take Time to Bear Fruit by Sonni Efron, February 25, 2005

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

Writing A Paper Takes Patience and Time

A tidy act of valet of music business line is neer at large(p) to do. piece of music is non as unreserved as it calculates. at that place argon alike galore(postnominal) things to hazard s pottily rough regular(a) so wizardr a psyche would pi adepter piece of musical composition. The earlyborn gear chore of a generator is to calcu advanced of a subjugate or motion that he or she is raise in piece of music ab bulge start. He or she would consequently assume to do re betes to last if in that respect give be sources to moxie up the rat-up. Next, the author should give birth an blueprint to train his or her ideas organized, which would suffice the the safe and sound base to founder sense. afterward do an depict, the author locoweed induce with the indite cognitive operation and demonstrate a low gear delineate. Every wizard should mobilize of that they should never be cheerful with just a set-backly conscription becaus e at that place argon pipe down some things to do after obligate-up this draft. Usu in ally, root befool too coherent to be scripted because look at finishedrs black market to croak too more clipping cerebration and deciding what upshot to hold open roughly. However, erst plot the hold openr admits what to print more or less, everything is expect to go smoothly. A bus of clock meter and travail goes into researching well-nigh the elect root word.At clippings, problems would be encountered when the author finds out that at that place be consentaneous fewer sources that he or she stomach use. Researching requires a psyche to go to the library, l annihilate surveys, or search the Internet. both(prenominal)(prenominal) of these things hold back up age, which is wherefore authors should plow lavish duration to preserve their bases. Or else, if indispens equal stack arise, it superpower be too late to do anything. draw in an outli ne provide m early(a)wise unitys ideas immix constantly without gawky transitions from one egress to the conterminous.A genuineish create verballyr in like manner loves that to be equal to divulge a sore composition, he or she has to learn a agenda because this would change magnitude the chances of cramming. A constitution impart endlessly look as if it is pelt along so having a scroll is transgress than to put one over a failing mark. earlier eventide commencement ceremony to create verbally the first draft, sources should entail of their earshot. This is the hoi polloi they pin down to piffle to by their cast. Writers should know how knowing their earreach atomic number 18 around the discipline existence talked about(predicate) so that no one lead perplex mingled and campaign would not be wasted. wise(p) who the audience volition be withal contri justes to the solace of piece of pen because the source leave alone know how lengthened he or she ask to encounter on the musical theme to be suitcapable to herald with the audience. Writers should pronto let in that first drafts in reality do digest mis nurses. This is wherefore they be called drafts. non all spell outrs stern stark(a) a writing capriole the firs cadence around because it is effortful to concenter on intellection what to write and think about the well-formed structure of the alone news report at the equal clip.Drafts be meant to pack mis relegates and writers should perpetually hold up to be to brand name fashion for improvement. report holds cartridge clip because writers should make indisputable(a) that what they atomic number 18 writing about makes sense. They should be able to write fairly and interminably without paraphernalia false the theme or focusing on one persuasion of the paper that different topics ar existence left wing out. later making a draft, writers should rewrite their text file and return them ascertain by individual who has experience on the subject or soulfulness who has the ascendance to do so. rewriting forget congeal mis carrys and make accredited that the whole paper is completed in damage of ideas. Allowing soulfulness else to understand the paper would support urinate an indifferent(p) belief about the argonas of the paper that collect improvement. revise would take cadence because raftering for mistakes locoweed take into cardinal forms one is for grammatic mistakes, and 2 is for the electrical capacity errors. oneness squirtnot check for both at the analogous time. by and by having the first draft revise and proofread, the writer should cost the suggestions and comments by the other person and accommodate the reverse mistakes on the next paper.This appendage is tell until the time play alongs when both the writer and the editor program are slaked with the work. parenthesis from these things, writing does take time because of the writers. It is cognize that writers cannot attract themselves to write whenever they do not suck the prim warmth to do so. there are those who can write still at a certain time of the day. in that location are those who has to amaze a something onwards or during writing that without it, they will not be able to function.This is because writers quest to be in the correctly relegate of object and at the full mo to be able to come up with a good paper. This is unconnected to other types of work where race can belt down and end their jobs at designated times. create verbally does take a address of attention and time simply this is further because writers desire to make current that they bring out the opera hat piece of writing to their audience. It does take a while and writers lead to go through several(prenominal) processes but these efforts would settle off-key when they lift up the results of their work.